DIAZ JULIO CUEVA
There is no doubt that the composition of the Cuban contingent of fighters who fought on the side of the English Republic, also show a high level of political awareness and ideological commitment is summed up by far the nature of the society of which procedían.Entre these volunteers, as well as ideologues and people of culture, there were a number of deportistas.Hubo a number of boxers, some professionals and other amateurs , also found Beisbol.Para players complete the crucible of a town that has rhythm in the blood, among Cubans who arrived in Spain had a large group of musicians profesionales.El case known of these was that of Julio Cueva.
Born April 12, 1897 in the city of Trinidad, a former province of Las Villas and within a humble family, from early childhood he showed he was born to be a musician first intention was to be a pianist, however everything changed when her grandmother gave her a cornetín.Comenzó Candelaria music studies at the age of ten he joined the band in your city municipal natal.En 1915 when he had turned 18 he became a member of the Banda Municipal de Santa Clara but had to work hard to round their income while simultaneously integrating the Philharmonic who ran a English musician known as the "Maestro San Juan". This situation led to professional stagnation exhausting having to perform tests and have a very escasa.Poco pay later returned to work in Trinidad, this time as director of the Banda Municipal, this occurred between 1923 and 1928, five years allowed him to grow personally and professionally, and defining their ideological commitment and by joining political movements from the underground called their attention to the great scourges nación.En of 1929, joined the orchestra and toured throughout Pou Archimedes the isla.Esta was off stage career as composed songs that would become extremely popular, "Tingo Talanga," "The Strike Bibijagua" or "Marañón" were his most populares.En 1929 began a period in Havana working in the major orchestras of the time, "Hermanos Palau", "Moses Saimons" and definitely with fellow Fair "Don Azpiazu" and his band "Havana Casino". The successes with the latter led to an international contract training so Julio Cueva debuted in New York. It was an April 26, 1930 at the Palace Theater and the orchestra was one of the sensations of the moment, with the theme "Manisero" Moses Saimons what they reported greater projection, not in vain the soloist for the orchestra playing the piece was later Antonio Machin solo record it became a great success discográfico.La orchestra continued his tour of Europe performing in Paris, London, Lisbon and other cities, París.En settling in 1932 in the movie "Black Orchid" starring Carlos Gardel.La film was a huge success and professional takeoff Julio Cueva, suffice it to say that the film begins with a scene that appears Julio Cueva alone with his trumpet playing the theme "Manisero." star Julio Cueva lit in Paris and that is why when "Don Aspinall "decided to return to Cuba with his band he was in Paris, this time as a member of the Fisher Snow Jazzband who gave a brief presentation Madrid.Era his first visit to Spain and felt he was comfortable there, but its place was still in Paris, where Cuban rhythm was sweeping and he personally was one of the most valued Latin musicians momento.Esta circumstances led to founding his own orchestra which was built entirely by Cuban musicians including brothers Eliseo and Ernesto Grenet.Su popularity was such that he was hired by a cabaret that opened its doors under the name "The Cave" making a pun on the name of cubano.Habían past five years and in July he was mature professionally but also as a person so that each time he was more committed to the Cuban comrades on the left that moved in entorno.Tras a brief tour that took him to Libya and Lebanon decided it was time to start a new stage and moved to Madrid with his band, were the first months of 1936 and Spain breathed a mixture of euphoria of freedom with a climate of democratic regression very encouraged by the progress fascism in Europe, something I had seen in their actions by various capitals europeas.Julio went further in their revolutionary commitment and joined the Communist Party of Spain, who was then a small party but of enormous proyección.De any way the orchestra of Julio Cueva was devoted to what they knew and filled with the best Cuban music venues in the country.
On July 18, 1936 July was in Madrid with the rest of the band members and just know the military uprising in Morocco turned to the local Communist Party and the confusion that ceremony amounted to understand that what was happening jeopardized the democratic achievements of the Republic, so do not hesitate to go to the called party to prevent the departure of military barracks in Madrid that some officers had barricaded themselves ready to resist until the arrival of the reinforcements that were supposed to be already close to Madrid. Julio Cueva also happened to be at the gates of the headquarters of the Mountain in which symptoms were perceived encirclement of surrender which led to the peer group in which the musician was almost unguarded advance to the quarter but that was only a trap that killed several comrades and serious injuries to other tantos.Una once accomplished the seizure of headquarters returned to the premises of PCE to receive new instructions and from there was assigned to defend the western sector of the capital whose headquarters was in the street San Bernardo and was organized in those early hours by a Cuban named Escamilla.En this situation may contact the Cuban also Pelayo Nicot "Sergio Nicols" and Policarpo Candon, making it much comforted knowing that their compatriots had shown the same he decision to fight against fascism.
A few days into the war the party entrusted tasks of fundraising and outerwear for the comrades who were in the front, so he took his old cornet and stood at the Gran Vía playing his tool to draw the attention of passers-by to those who harangued him and other colleagues for achieve its colaboración.Cueva later recall those endless hours 14 hours enduring cold and heat. At that point it was already an important composer and performer but did not hesitate to continually play the "Cuban Mambi target" to draw people's attention, while fellow piggy blew task requesting a frequency monedas.Con recalled in the many interviews he gave later that one of his favorite speeches was saying something like, "Buddy is wearing the coat is needed on the front so that there are serious Guadarrama colleagues who are fighting to defend our Republic. "But Julio Cueva responsibilities awaiting him different in the war in Spain and after spending several days doing collections, was incorporated into the 10th Shock Brigade had been placed in command Candón.Corría Polycarp September 1936 and the struggle for mothers became dramatic, with constant bombing and a siege that is increasingly closer to the perimeter of the capital, was in those days when he met the newcomer to Spain Pablo de la Torriente who by the way just saw in his days of struggle.
Thus passed the first months of Julio Cueva in the war in Spain and to the same extent that the conflict was shown as an absolute threat to the progress of fascism in Europe, the greater the commitment this musician at that point in his career no one would have criticized a move away from the first line of frente.No only not ceased its support to the Republic but also increased their responsabilidades.El People's Army General Staff was appointed director the band of the 46 Division and fate decreed that one of his first actions in this position to take him to complete funeral service at the funeral of Pablo de la Torriente.
Julio Cueva was named captain and spent most of the war in Madrid "No Pasaran" making music as a tool to boost the morale of the fighters, with constant trips to those places where the presence was required of músicos.Uno of the most celebrated cave was subsequently by the arrival of the Cubans who came to the International Congress of Writers for the Defense of Culture "in July 1937, where Cave spoke once more to the band the 46 Division compatriots greeted the arrival of so distinguished as Alejo Carpentier, Nicolás Guillén, Félix Pita Rodríguez and leading the delegation to John Marinello.Esta reception took place at the Headquarters of the 46 Division in Alcala de Henares and who had have named "Pablo de la Torriente Brau. This group of intellectuals then start a series of visits to different places of the war fronts and in many These acts came to this cave in front of his musicians.
In Ecuador English war and as the situation was complicated Madrid won the relocation of the musicians Banda.La situation took a turn when soldiers saw the Ebro and the subsequent defeat of the forces Popular.Desde Army must now participate in military operations to his work alternated musical.Fundamentalmente it was an orderly retreat to Catalonia but this was not always possible by the strong push to which they were subjected. When they left they headed Teruel Madrid The Banda de la 46 Division was composed of sixty members who moved from town to town trying to avoid the attacks of the enemy army, the siege was tightened and were in danger of being pocketed by the advance of Franco's troops in what amounted to a lack of supplies and the difficulty of getting food. Cueva later recalled that this traffic came to three days to be installed in an abandoned farmhouse in which only found wine jars and strings of garlic, eating fried garlic and red wine as the only way to calm their stomachs. Later they crossed the river Turla supporting the enemy offensive and shouting that they were heading into believing that only the officers would be arrested. On arrival in Hospitalet reorganization was necessary because the Banda and the number of casualties was considerable. Subsequently settled for a brief period in Ametlla del Mar and from there were moved to Mora de Ebro.Todos these transfers occurred under heavy fire from enemy aircraft which hampered their movements and often killed and wounded in unidad.En Mora de Ebro crossed the river on barges and on will not be halted in its retreat until it reaches Barcelona.Fue where they received the news of the demobilization of foreigners who fought in the Popular Army which was a blow to the morale of Cave compañeros.De and sixty members of Banda to the 46 Division who had just left Madrid match quince.En the first days of 1939 Julio Cueva crossed the border at Port Bou to what remained of his band and with hundreds of foreign fighters baffled by the extent initiated an uncertain path.
Entering France was taken to the beach of Argeles-Sur-Mer where hastily improvised a camp that served to keep the fighters arrived there from Spain who were to find a solution yet determinar.Julio Cueva was taken to the field called number ten was where were the fighters had to extranjeros.Los as sixty-five different nationalities and tried to adapt to the harshness of the place as best podían.En winter, began living in the open until they could improvise some tents and blankets based on cuttings from a vineyard cercanos.No had latrines or medical services and what was worse, were treated harshly by Senegalese soldiers who belonged to colonial army force francés.Julio Cave lived in anguish his time in Argeles-Sur-Mer as well as the uncertainty of his situation, his girlfriend had also crossed the border and did not have any news of a few weeks visited ella.Pasadas the concentration camp Flora Díaz Parrado, an official of the Cuban Consulate in Paris.The situation in Cuba was changing political, Communist Party and other opposition parties were in the process of legalization in a process that would end with the normalization of political life on the island, a situation that even ephemeral fighters allowed to hope to be rescued by the authorities of Parrado país.Diaz visited several of the Cubans interned and was interested in Julio Cueva who reported that his partner was in another campo.Le also stated that he had sent several letters that had not been delivered by authorities' decision French: this was great news viva.Junto confirmed that in the near future to proceed repatriación.Tras progress in the diplomatic gave him eight letters of your compañera.Julio Cave spent several weeks in this terrible scene with the uncertainty of their release and no certainty that their comrade was in the list of the lucky ones that abandon infierno.Estando in this situation, life in the countryside had become a horrible routine that had to find some way to maintain the morale of the Cuban internados.Los, unlike other nationalities were grouped and tried to do everything possible to pass the time, so they were always organizing actividades.En April 1939 the party organized a party and asked Julio Cueva which should provide a number musical was when he composed the guaracha "Allé Allé Kicks" was the cry that the Senegalese guards directed them to suppress any action of butts held fusil.La accompanying letter is a harsh criticism of the treatment they were receiving from French authorities and became an anthem of Cubans there internados.Su staging was highly acclaimed by peers and the number helped other Cuban Miguel Angel Díaz Lauzurica but known to all as "Kig Malay", a boxer with a tremendous sense of humor that brought all their enthusiasm in maintaining the morale of the group.
In the last week of April 1939, July Cave along with nine other fellow was called by the Speaker of the field to be with their belongings, was a sign that it was time to return to a brief stint casa.Tras embarked on the steamer Paris Orbita that under the British flag flew him from the Port of Pallice to that of Havana where he arrived May 6 1939.La arrival was extremely emotional because Cave was able to distinguish from the deck to his mother and sister waiting for him with a good number of partners party and many friends músicos.Julio Cave ran to his cabin, took the same cornet with whom he had asked for help People's Army fighters in the streets of Madrid impulsively started playing the national anthem notes cubano.Se made an emotional silence in Havana harbor, this meant that even the military salute present standing at the notes coming out of that barco.A then interpreted the "International "what was a harsh criticism for those soldiers who remained in their training and the next day in the Diario de la Marina" is marred those gestures and their lack of a hymn enemy of nación.Había returned home and Despite the atmosphere of freedom that he had seen from the deck ¨ Orbita "was soon caught up and realized that in Cuba there was still much to be done. In the coming years
Julio Cueva further heightened their professional standing and after a brief period in Trinidad's finally settled in 1940 founded the orchestra Habana.En "Montecarlo" which he directed until 1953 and thereafter was more focused on the composition . She was active in the Communist Party of Cuba until his death in Havana on December 25 1975.Nunca returned to Spain.
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