ARMS RODOLFO
Rodolfo Ricardo Ramón de Armas, that was the name of another myth of the Cuban contribution española.Habanero contention of birth was born July 11st 1912.Sus origins in a humble working people, his father and his mother modista.Rodolfo rail is presented as a stout young man, athlete boxing fan , politically aware from a very young and a guy who had to respetar.Así is defined as Joaquín Víctor Ortega has made several approaches to the figure of the "internationalist" Cuba in 1925 with only 13 enrolled in grammar school, and touches on the scene of claim estudiantil.Pronto highlighted in major street actions as were the demonstrations during the hunger strike and student communist leader Julio Antonio Mella and later as a leading member of action group "Military Pro Law and Justice" which focused on acts of sabotage, including the demonstration in which he killed Rafael Paul Trejo and badly wounded the 1930.De Torriente in this episode there is a picture captured by the same De Armas at the time in which Trejo was cruelly beaten by a policeman.
De Armas is a young, ideologically committed and at this stage will be one of the signatories of the "Left Wing Student Program" that will support the most radical sector of first priority protesta.Su ideological anti-imperialism and will continue to Antonio Guiteras TNT first and later from "Young Cuba." At 22, in 1934 he enrolled in the University choosing the School of Veterinary Medicine. "De Armas was elected representative of his authority to the committee that prepared the general strike planned for March 1935 but it was a very marked by the security forces who arrested him in February that the year.In few days after landing took exile in New York and with the fixed idea of \u200b\u200bcontributing from there to the fall of the dictatorship in Cuba.De American stage we will become one of the pillars of the "Club Mella" in New York , organizing events and attracting people endlessly for what would llegar.Se linked strongly to the American Communist Party and was a regular at the Circle of Marxist Studies.
the outbreak of the military uprising in Spain Rodolfo de Armas was fully prepared to be part of the "volunteers of freedom" between those who have a great protagonismo.En New York became the leader of the first group of Cubans to depart from that City bound for the war in Spain in a process that had begun a few days of the inception of the war and that was the organization called "Lincolns" made up mostly of Americans and Cubans who were joined by volunteers from various throughout Latin America as well as some Irish residents país.Organizar a first contingent that took them five months so that the January 5, 1937 sailed from the port of New York the steamer "Chaplain" with an unspecified number of volunteers provided over hundred . The Cuban volunteers were organized into a company called "Centuria Guiteras Rodolfo was in command of the French port Armas.Desembarcaron Le Havre and moved without difficulty by the French soil with the help of the French Communist Party members and the advantage that France had not yet ordered the closure of borders with Spain in all matters relating to aid in Spain via Perpignan guerra.Entraron Figueras Castle being his first destination, where they were instructed to move to Barcelona and from here to the headquarters of the International Brigades in Albacete.Era the first days of January 1937 and Madrid was suffering a severe punishment so that after a brief statement in the town of Villanueva de la Jara traveled to Albacete.Allí were taken to the bullring where they surrender their weapons first and without loss of time were assigned destination on the front of Jarama.La "Centuria Guiteras with Arms in front had passed in less than a month of heated discussions of the" Club Mella "in New York or manifestations of" Union Square "to be under enemy fire in the front of the story Madrid.Según fighter for the book Norbert Borges testimony" Cuba and the Defense of the English Republic "before the Century Guiteras face their first battle had to endure a torturous transfer trucks under the bombardment of up to 39 enemy planes that harassed all the time until the appearance of "flat" as it termed a Soviet aircraft, which shot down four enemy and allowed to continue to run.
The arrival of the Century Guiteras the Jarama front comes at a key moment as the rebels intensified their pressure on the offensive trying total.Ambos Madrid armies were aware of the enemy's plans so that at the tactical movement of the rebels the army of the republic responded to the mobilization of all reserve units in the area, about 15 brigades that would hold the rebel army push in the most optimistic of forecasts contraofensiva.La organize offensive was planned for on February 12 but the euphoria over the course of the war in front of Malaga earlier date gave them one week so who started the day six when thousands of People's Army soldiers still had no armas.Los rebels under the command of General Varela organized the largest mass army that had so far mobilized to attack Madrid. Therefore
Rodolfo de Armas and his men had to get to the Jarama front in the first week of February, the very start of the offensive sublevados.Al Like most men of the Lincoln Battalion, the Centuria was formed Guiteras by very young men with little or no military training along with the other members of 15 Brigade suffered a baptism of fire very urgently and with a high cost in lives to a large extent was the result of this circunstancia.Con two infantry companies, one machine gun, a quartermaster and another section care, "Lincoln" was mobilized to strengthen the offensive.
The rebels turned their full potential on the Jarama River front with the first objective of crossing the river and then intercept the road to Valencia to strangle the supply via the capital.Contaban with 28 flags of the Legion and Tabor Moroccan , 25 Moorish cavalry squadrons, several German units of tanks and artillery, the Portuguese Legion and a total irlandesa.En unit mobilized 40 batteries of artillery and dozens of tanks, in short, a firm commitment to storm the defenses of Madrid.Su first intention was to cross the river and establish a bridgehead, so began the offensive line some 16 kilometers between the Manzanares and Titulcia, the first attack was supported by few men , about 4 battalions with 400 men each deployed on the right bank of the river Jarama, being supported by two reserve brigades held off the rebels across the river until day 11 but on that day units staged a coup of blackberries Pindoque hand on the bridge and managed to cross four batallones.Esa night through pontoons made it across multiple drives more. the morning of February 12 the rebels were already in the left bank of the Jarama 9 infantry battalions, 40 artillery pieces and 20 taques.A then took the bridge of San Martin de la Vega.La day was a nightmare for the Republican army could not stem the tide, the enemy had established a beachhead under fire and put a large section of the road to Valencia. Morata de Tajuña
was a strategic location for being a short distance from the bridge Pindoque, Arganda and San Martín de la Vega.La gravity of the situation prompted the arrival of the 11th division under the command of Henry from the day Lister.A thirteen rebels tried to force the taking of Morata de Tajuña and Arganda.Fue this is the time when the "Centuria Guiteras first entered in combat since his arrival in the English territory, no doubt, were at the center of the battle and in a situation dramática.Había to resist or die, that's what I told them the "Boss" De Armas theirs to be known in this extreme situation for the defense of making Madrid.La Morata de Tajuña by the rebels could lead to loss of control on the road to Valencia and the would certainly be the beginning of the End despite its tactical limitations and lack of military experience, the Cubans fought at Jarama with a value and a courage that is reflected in different parts of war stories and even the enemy camp which highlighted the strength with which these positions were defended by the Popular Army. From the day February 12, De Armas in front of his men bore the brunt of the ofensiva.Cuando had spent twelve days in this situation mutual wear, the Republican control had already been several days shaking the pressure of the enemy and trying to mount a counteroffensive that would allow them to relieve pressure and lead the army of the rebels across the river and Republican control belatedly reacted effectively to price of a high number of bajas.Esto happen from febrero.Uno fifteen strategic objectives was the hill of the Pingarrón of vital importance to control the bridgehead sublevados.Esta elevation is a few miles from Morata de Tajuna, the place that killed Rodolfo de Armas and many of the members of the Century Guiteras.
About the time of his death we know from the testimony of Norbert Borges who was with him at that moment than at the beginning of the day the "Boss" had harangued his people, warning them that on that day the fight would be a life or death " Remember guys, not one step back, whoever falls, the battle will be tough enemy lines composed mostly of Germans are well equipped and will receive support of aviation, this is the opportunity is presented to show that the Centuria Guiteras can be destroyed but will not surrender to the fascist troops. On the night of February 23, De Armas was in the foothills of the hill of Pingarrón with a section based on hits mortar trying to force the making of this cota.Poco before dawn, one of the men of the unit that had gone on a mission of observation was wounded and Rodolfo de Armas did not think the parapet and went for a shot rescatarlo.Recibió Landeta right leg, battalion Commissioner instructed him to retreat to second line but he refused and made a tourniquet to stem the hemorragia.A despite being badly wounded continued advancing to the head of his unit under heavy fire from the Cubans left ametralladoras.Primero and then within minutes the irlandeses.A Rodolfo de Armas was shot in the head and died in acto.James W. Ford, a columnist for the Daily American Worker wrote in his chronicle of the day as several fighters had narrated the action of the death of De Armas, bleeding from the wound in the leg tightened the tourniquet trying to keep fighting until he was wounded by the chronicler muerte.Igualmente U.S. means that this was the first major action with the participation of Cubans in the Centuria Guiteras.
In this act of war also died Cubans Carlos Pebbles, Antonio Rodriguez, Angel Rufo, Pedro Hernández, Jorge Cabezas and Aquilino Conejo.Cuando died, Rodolfo de Armas held the rank of lieutenant battalion Coronel.El Lincoln paid a heavy toll on men in their first act of war in Jarama, suffice it to say that during these battles had to change up to six times of international illustrators comandante.Otros killed in this battle was the British Protestant Pastor Reverend Hilliard, the battalion commander "Dimitrov" Grevenavov, the English writer Christopher Caldwell and many others.
The battle that left his life Rodolfo de Armas was crucial to strengthen the defense of the first three Madrid.Tras weeks of fighting front stabilized until the end of the war and more importantly, stopped the rebels in their drive blitzkrieg that after the capture of Malaga loomed as a direct threat to the area republicana.En Jarama the Popular Army showed that overcome the early stages of organizational chaos, had matured and was ready to undertake not only defensive operations but was willing to push the rebels.
The remains of Rodolfo de Armas were buried in a mass grave along with other international volunteers who had fallen in the battle of his death was Jarama.A Basilio Cueira Cuban who became the leader the "Centuria Guiteras
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