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The return of the Cuban combatants to their country was a new episode of uncertainty, both for members of the contingent had crossed the international border with France, and for those combatants who were captured by the enemy army and prisoners were awaiting a trade or any other negotiated settlement that returned home.

For the first would have to go back to August 1938 to see how both the English government and from the Secretariat of the Comintern was beginning a path that would eventually order the withdrawal of the Brigades volunteers last Internacionales.Los Cuban volunteers had arrived in Spain in May 1938, so nothing was expected to end as it occurred, but the situation in the Republic in the military and international developments triggered the withdrawal.

precisely coinciding with the arrival of the last Cuban President Negrin unveiled its new bid, were called "Thirteen points Negrin" whose main argument was the possibility of ending the war through an agreement between españoles.La idea Negrin was attempting a peace through national reconciliation government that had no room for foreign fighters in a generic way for both sides, were now considered as elements hostile to peace in España.La Negrin proposal was rejected by the Franco's army, backed by his success and the certainty of total victory, but once you open this way there was no turning atrás.El August 22 there was a meeting of the Secretariat of the Comintern in which there was discussion HISPANIOLA.WITH Stalin's approval, the decision to withdraw International Brigades was for good, on an international stage that left the Soviet isolation from the decisions that were taking place in Europe.
determinant was the Czechoslovak question was resolved with the so-called "Munich Pact" by which France and England were bowing to the German occupation of that country.The USSR considered the choking which came under both policy "hands off" as the situation internal PCE was increasingly isolated from the decision-making, were sufficient excuse to accept a proposal to withdraw the International Brigades, being thus freed from its commitments with Spain for those times was no longer a priority attitude exterior.Esta policy was formalized in a letter sent by the head of the Comintern, Dimitrov to Stalin, announced the withdrawal of the International Brigades.


Given this perception, Negrin imposed its proposal for withdrawal of all combatants extranjeros.En the last session that the League of Nations held in Geneva on 21 September, the English Prime Minister announced unilateral withdrawal of the International Brigades, but the proposal insisted that the foreign fighters who supported Franco's army should go equally España.Franco never had any intention of adhering to this measure and Mussolini made a pact with the return of at least 10,000 Italian soldiers , which in fact did not reduce the capacity of action of these as those who returned were mostly injured and sick, and along with them, soldiers who had too much time fighting in Spain and were about to be licensed.

On October 1, 1938 the League of Nations was determined to create a Commission to ensure compliance with this commitment, this committee was composed of fifteen officers led by General Finnish Jalander.La commission managed to compute 12 673 foreign fighters who fought on the side of República.Tras farewell parade in Barcelona on November 15, began a gradual release, they set routes evacuation by train and boat and began the partida.El main problem was the welcome that awaited most of these fighters in their countries of origin, to which many were unable to return because it would mean a certain death or jail. All evacuations are done so via France in mid-January 1939 had already crossed its borders in 4640 was mostly combatientes.Se French, British, Belgian and polacos.En the outskirts of Barcelona and the French border remained the order of 6,000 men who were desperately seeking a way out without the evacuation committee could offer this option alguna.En was reached at the final moment that as we have seen, there was a mass exodus to France and internment in concentration camps.

The Cuban contingent was kept informed of this situation through its liaison with the command of the International Brigades, but it is anticipated that this coordination would be greatly reduced in the final days of the war for lack of partners in a organizativo.Lo chaos who knew the Cuban combatants was the decision had been taken in Cuba organizations that supported the Republic Española.Ante the new scenario, the attitude of support groups for volunteers was to create conditions for more retorno.Una PCC was the one who upheld the initiative but was under the coordination of the Association of English Village Aid that mandated the creation of a specific instrument: the "Committee for the Repatriation of Cuban fighters." Initially those responsible were Sarah Pascual, Lazaro Peña, José Neftali Lopez Rodriguez.Siguiendo Pernas and the model used in previous months to help RECAVA Republican Spain and the enlistment of volunteers, protests began throughout the country under the theme of the return of volunteers cubanos.Esta strategy was a success and created great expectations in public opinion over the fate of his fellow prisoners in France now . meetings, conferences and rallies at the headquarters of the Cuban government were constant from February 1939.

Moreover, the political situation in Cuba had changed in appearance, no sign, so that from the Government of the nation took steps to legitimize their actions, most of legalizing political parties including the Communists and proposing elections and the development of a new constitution for the país.Se was a gesture politics which sought to tame the opposition wrapping under the state institutions while maintaining the control of the mechanisms of it included the repressive and controlling apparatus electoral.La point is that the issue of the return of Cubans who were in France created some concern in the Cuban government is interested in the matter, so that those who had made every effort to hinder his departure from Cuba, they were now willing to make a positive gesture.


The Repatriation Committee requested a meeting with Cuban President Federico Laredo Bru, who agreed to recibirlos.Tras discuss the details of the proposal of the committee agreed that involve the performance of Cuban diplomacy in France and Spain and the organization of transport required to deliver a list agreed retorno.Se with the names and locations of volunteers in the Ministry of Interior which after being thoroughly analyzed became final list. Initially

Cuban government's willingness to cooperate in the return just was related to the Cuban volunteers who were in France and wanted to return to Cuba, nothing was said of Cubans residing in the United States sought return to this country, nor of those who were arrested in Spain for the new government

Cuban diplomacy in France that had previously inhibited the question of Cuban volunteers in Spain received concise directions for promoting the return of the same . Flora Díaz Parrado, a member of the Cuban embassy in Paris was in charge of organizing this work and its main intermediary between Jorge Agostini volunteers was already leading the contingent from the first grouping in Barcelona and later in Ripoll.Flora Díaz Parrado traveled several times to the south of France to organize the game, visiting camps Argeles-Sur-Mer, Saint Ciprian and more.The Gurs and possibly some of the diplomatic approach was strongly criticized by prisoners in the sense that this was limited to its role in the repatriation but not interceded with the French authorities regarding the living conditions Once the lists campos.Una were clear, Jorge Agostini Maydagán together with Francisco and eight other relevant received permission to leave France, they did so on April 19 aboard the "Queen of the Pacific
While
Therefore, Cuba was able to hire two ships to transport Cubans Orbita vapors and Orduña, they had arrived in which volunteers España.Se to fight organized three expeditions that departed the port of Pallice during May and early June of 1939.El first group mostly from Gurs but Argelés transported directly from volunteers were in precarious conditions, adding the sick and wounded around centenar.Los volunteers were escorted to Paris in very precarious conditions, without food and with the same clothes they had in the PCF campos.Una increasingly mobilized and mitigated large extent this situation by providing clothing and food that were posible.Tras receive accurate documentation in Paris were led directly to the port starting and embarked on the "Orbita", reached the port of Havana on May 6.

A second group left in similar conditions on May 19 aboard the "Orduna", this time with an even larger group than the previous voluntarios.Cuando the "Orbita" returned to the French coast broke a third group of at least 200 voluntarios.Esta figures are estimates and are from the later testimony of some of these volunteers.


This was the way they ended the odyssey of the volunteers of Cuban freedom to reach the port of Havana lived exciting scenes as each one of the expeditions were organized a large private boats recibimiento.Numerosas accompanied the boats from their approach to Havana and the harbor are expecting a crowd of family and peers, organizing impromptu parades through the streets near the port.

volunteers arrived exhausted from the trip and extremely excited to see the support they found in their return to the motherland. In Spain

fifty Cubans were divided into the concentration camps of San Pedro's criminal Cardeña.el Dueso and Field Belchite work as well as in several prisons in Madrid and other parts of the country español.Otros, habáin evaded won control of the army and expected time to leave clandestinely España.Este group completed its evacuation by the end of 1940 with the mediation of Cuban diplomacy.